Ó Fearghail is an Irish Gaelic surname representing the original form of the Anglicized surname Farrell. It is a patronymic surname meaning "descendant of Fearghal", which itself derives from the Old Irish elements fer "man" and gal "valour", thus — like its root name Fergal — carries the sense of "man of valour".Etymology and Historical OriginsThe Ó Fearghail family traces its lineage to a 10th-century king named Angaile, a ruler of the Fortúatha. According to legend, Angaile conquered the territory of Annaly (in present-day County Longford), which became known after his name. His great-grandson, Fearghal, became the eponymous ancestor of the Ó Fearghail sept, who were styled as Princes of Annaly for approximately six centuries. The family's stronghold was located at what is now Longford town (Longphort Uí Fhearghail) and at Moatfarrell (Móta Uí Fhearg).Notable BearersThe Ó Fearghail produced seven Bishops of Ardagh. In modern times, the surname has been Anglicized as Farrell, and among its noted bearers is Kevin Farrell, a cardinal of the Catholic Church who was born in Ireland but served as Bishop of Dallas, Texas.The poet and writer Pádraig Ó Fearghail is another notable bearer of the Gaelic form.Cultural SignificanceThe Ó Fearghail were part of the Conmaicne Rein, a tribe believed to belong to the Érainn, the second wave of Celtic settlers in Ireland around 500-100 BC, according to historian C. Thomas Cairney. The name is historically concentrated in County Longford and surrounding areas, reflecting the family's enduring connection to the region.VariantsIn addition to the standard Anglicization Farrell, the surname also gave rise to variants such as Friel and Ó Frighil, each reflecting different dialectal or historical adaptations of the Gaelic original.Meaning: 'descendant of Fearghal' ('man of valour')Language of origin: Irish GaelicType: Patronymic surnameEarliest recorded ancestor: Angaile (10th century)Geographic concentration: County Longford, Ireland (historically Annaly)Related names: Fearghal, Farrell, Friel