Metaxas is a Greek surname derived from the Greek word metaxa (μέταξα), meaning "silk." It originally referred to a silk merchant or someone working in the silk trade, a significant occupation in Byzantine and post-Byzantine Greece. The feminine form Metaxa also exists.Historical ContextSilk production and trade were vital to the Byzantine economy, and the surname Metaxas likely emerged in regions where sericulture was practiced, such as the Peloponnese, Macedonia, or Constantinople. Merchant families bearing this name could have been part of the Greek diaspora across the Ottoman Empire.Notable BearersThe most prominent bearer is Ioannis Metaxas (1871–1941), a Greek general and Prime Minister known for his authoritarian regime (the 4th of August Regime) and for leading Greece during the early stages of World War II. His famous reply of "Όχι" (No) to Mussolini's ultimatum in 1940 is celebrated in Greece as Oxi Day.Other notable individuals include the sculptor Kostas Metaxas (late 20th century) and the footballer Manuel Metaxas (born 1996).DistributionAs a Greek surname, Metaxas is most common in Greece and Cyprus, with significant diaspora communities in the United States, Australia, and Germany.Meaning: Silk merchantOrigin: Greek from (metaxa)Type: Occupational surnameUsage: Especially Greek