MacMillan (also encountered as McMillan, Macmillen, or McMillen) is a Scottish surname that originated as an Anglicized form of the Scottish Gaelic MacMhaoilein. This patronymic name means “son of Maolan”, from maol “bald” or “tonsured one”, often signifying a devotee or servant of a saint in early medieval Scotland. Etymology and Origins As a surname, MacMillan typically traces its roots to the Scottish Clan MacMillan, one of the oldest clans in the Scottish Borders and later prominent in Galloway and the Highlands. The Gaelic original MacMhaoilein incorporates the personal name Maolan, itself a derivative of maol (“bald”, “tonsured one”), commonly used for followers of or devotees of notable Irish and Scottish saints. Variants and Distribution Common spelling variants include McMillan, Macmillan, MacMillen, and McMillen. While MacMillan is distinct from related names such as McMillan, the two are frequently interchangeable—especially among individuals whose ancestors belonged to the same clan or migrated to Canada, the United States, and Australia during the Highland Clearances and later emigrations. Culture and Society The distinguished role of the Clan MacMillan is memorably reflected in their treasured relic, the Cross of Bewcastle or early medieval stone cross fragment associated with clan chiefs, though that cross sits geographically near present-day Dumfries and Galloway. Given the name spans typifies many diaspora families proud of their Scottish martial ancestry.